Boaz Arad, an Israeli video artist, has created in 2000 the video works “Marcel Marcel” and “SAFAM” [mustache, in Hebrew]. Both works involve specific manipulations of the same segment of historical film footage documenting Hitler as he addresses a crowd. For Arad, who was born in 1956, and for many members of his and the next generation, such clips would have become familiar, visually and acoustically, through their function as markers of official memory. Arad manipulates the historical symbol of Hitler, isolates him from the background of both the context of the symbol and the actual film background, and gives him a photographic retouch by erasing his famous moustache.